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<title>WD40 repeat</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">WD40 repeat</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">WD domain, G-beta repeat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="Ribbon_diagram" title="Ribbon diagram">Ribbon diagram</a> of the C-terminal WD40 domain of Tup1 (a transcriptional <a href="Corepressor_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corepressor (genetics)">corepressor</a> in yeast), which adopts a 7-bladed <a href="Beta-propeller" title="Beta-propeller">beta-propeller</a> fold. Ribbon is colored from blue (<a href="N-terminus" title="N-terminus">N-terminus</a>) to red (<a href="C-terminus" title="C-terminus">C-terminus</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10856245_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10856245-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;">WD40</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00400">PF00400</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a> clan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/set/pfam/CL0186/">CL0186</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001680">IPR001680</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="PROSITE" title="PROSITE">PROSITE</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prosite.expasy.org/PDOC00574">PDOC00574</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1gp2">1gp2</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1gp2">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1gp2">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="Conserved_Domain_Database" title="Conserved Domain Database">CDD</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi?uid=cd00200">cd00200</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>

 </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00400?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00400">ECOD</a>

 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00400%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00400">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00400">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00400">structure summary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1b9x">1b9x</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1b9y">1b9y</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1erj">1erj</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1gg2">1gg2</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1got">1got</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1gp2">1gp2</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1gxr">1gxr</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1nex">1nex</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1nr0">1nr0</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1omw">1omw</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1p22">1p22</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1pev">1pev</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1pgu">1pgu</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1pi6">1pi6</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1s4u">1s4u</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1sq9">1sq9</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1tbg">1tbg</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1u4c">1u4c</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1xhm">1xhm</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1yfq">1yfq</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2bcj">2bcj</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ce8">2ce8</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ce9">2ce9</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2trc">2trc</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>WD40 repeat</b> (also known as the <b>WD</b> or <b>beta-transducin repeat</b>) is a short <a href="Structural_motif" title="Structural motif">structural motif</a> of approximately 40 <a href="Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a>, often terminating in a <a href="Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">tryptophan</a>-<a href="Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">aspartic acid</a> (W-D) dipeptide.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8090199_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8090199-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Protein_tandem_repeats" title="Protein tandem repeats">Tandem copies of these repeats</a> typically fold together to form a type of circular <a href="Solenoid_protein_domain" title="Solenoid protein domain">solenoid protein domain</a> called the <b>WD40 domain</b>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>

<p>WD40 domain-containing proteins have 4 to 16 repeating units, all of which are thought to form a circularised <a href="Beta-propeller" title="Beta-propeller">beta-propeller</a> structure (see figure to the right).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10322433_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10322433-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11814058_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11814058-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WD40 domain is composed of several repeats, a variable region of around 20 residues at the beginning followed by a more common repeated set of residues. These repeats typically form a four stranded anti-parallel beta sheet or blade. These blades come together to form a propeller with the most common being a 7 bladed beta propeller. The blades interlock so that the last beta strand of one repeat forms with the first three of the next repeat to form the 3D blade structure.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div>

<p>WD40-repeat proteins are a large family found in all <a href="Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotes</a> and are implicated in a variety of functions ranging from <a href="Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">signal transduction</a> and <a href="Transcriptional_regulation" title="Transcriptional regulation">transcription regulation</a> to <a href="Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">cell cycle</a> control, <a href="Autophagy" title="Autophagy">autophagy</a> and <a href="Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20451393_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20451393-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The underlying common function of all WD40-repeat proteins is coordinating multi-protein complex assemblies, where the repeating units serve as a rigid <a href="Scaffold_protein" title="Scaffold protein">scaffold</a> for protein interactions. The specificity of the proteins is determined by the sequences outside the repeats themselves. Examples of such complexes are <a href="G_protein" title="G protein">G proteins</a> (beta subunit is a beta-propeller), <a href="General_transcription_factor" title="General transcription factor">TAFII</a> transcription factor, and <a href="E3_ubiquitin_ligase" class="mw-redirect" title="E3 ubiquitin ligase">E3 ubiquitin ligase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10322433_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10322433-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11814058_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11814058-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>According to the initial analysis of the human genome WD40 repeats are the eighth largest family of proteins. In all 277 proteins were identified to contain them.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11237011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11237011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human genes encoding proteins containing this domain include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="AAAS_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="AAAS (gene)">AAAS</a>, <a href="AAMP_(gene)" title="AAMP (gene)">AAMP</a>, <a href="AHI1" title="AHI1">AHI1</a>, <a href="AMBRA1" title="AMBRA1">AMBRA1</a>, <a href="APAF1" title="APAF1">APAF1</a>, <a href="ARPC1A" title="ARPC1A">ARPC1A</a>, <a href="ARPC1B" title="ARPC1B">ARPC1B</a>, <a href="ATG16L1" title="ATG16L1">ATG16L1</a>,</li>

<li><a href="DDB2" title="DDB2">DDB2</a>, DENND3, <a href="DMWD_(gene)" title="DMWD (gene)">DMWD</a>, DMXL1, <a href="DMXL2" title="DMXL2">DMXL2</a>, <a href="DNAI1" title="DNAI1">DNAI1</a>, <a href="DNAI2" title="DNAI2">DNAI2</a>, DNCI1, <a href="DTL" class="mw-redirect" title="DTL">DTL</a>, <a href="DYNC1I1" title="DYNC1I1">DYNC1I1</a>, <a href="DYNC1I2" title="DYNC1I2">DYNC1I2</a>, EDC4,</li>

<li>GBL, <a href="GEMIN5" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMIN5">GEMIN5</a>, <a href="GNB1" title="GNB1">GNB1</a>, <a href="GNB1L" title="GNB1L">GNB1L</a>, <a href="GNB2" title="GNB2">GNB2</a>, <a href="GNB2L1" class="mw-redirect" title="GNB2L1">GNB2L1</a>, <a href="GNB3" title="GNB3">GNB3</a>, <a href="GNB4" title="GNB4">GNB4</a>, <a href="GNB5" title="GNB5">GNB5</a>, <a href="GRWD1" title="GRWD1">GRWD1</a>, <a href="GTF3C2" title="GTF3C2">GTF3C2</a>,</li>

<li><a href="KATNB1" title="KATNB1">KATNB1</a>, KIAA1336, <a href="KIF21A" title="KIF21A">KIF21A</a>, <a href="KIF21B" title="KIF21B">KIF21B</a>, KM-PA-2,</li>

<li>MAPKBP1, <a href="MED16" title="MED16">MED16</a>, MORG1,</li>

<li>NBEA, <a href="NBEAL1" title="NBEAL1">NBEAL1</a>, <a href="NEDD1" title="NEDD1">NEDD1</a>, <a href="NLE1" title="NLE1">NLE1</a>, NSMAF, <a href="NUP37" class="mw-redirect" title="NUP37">NUP37</a>, <a href="NUP43" class="mw-redirect" title="NUP43">NUP43</a>, <a href="NWD1" title="NWD1">NWD1</a>,</li>

<li><a href="PAAF1" title="PAAF1">PAAF1</a>, <a href="PAFAH1B1" title="PAFAH1B1">PAFAH1B1</a>, <a href="PAK1IP1" title="PAK1IP1">PAK1IP1</a>, <a href="PEX7" class="mw-redirect" title="PEX7">PEX7</a>, PHIP, <a href="PIK3R4" title="PIK3R4">PIK3R4</a>, <a href="PLAA_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="PLAA (gene)">PLAA</a>, <a href="PLRG1" title="PLRG1">PLRG1</a>, <a href="PPP2R2A" title="PPP2R2A">PPP2R2A</a>, <a href="PPP2R2B" title="PPP2R2B">PPP2R2B</a>, <a href="PPP2R2C" title="PPP2R2C">PPP2R2C</a>, <a href="PPP2R2D" title="PPP2R2D">PPP2R2D</a>, PPWD1, <a href="PREB" title="PREB">PREB</a>, <a href="PRPF19" title="PRPF19">PRPF19</a>, <a href="PRPF4" title="PRPF4">PRPF4</a>, <a href="PWP1" title="PWP1">PWP1</a>, <a href="PWP2" title="PWP2">PWP2</a>,</li>

<li><a href="RAE1" title="RAE1">RAE1</a>, <a href="RPTOR" title="RPTOR">RPTOR</a>, <a href="RBBP4" title="RBBP4">RBBP4</a>, <a href="RBBP5" title="RBBP5">RBBP5</a>, <a href="RBBP7" title="RBBP7">RBBP7</a>, <a href="RFWD2" title="RFWD2">RFWD2</a>, RFWD3, <a href="RRP9" title="RRP9">RRP9</a>,</li>

<li><a href="SREBP_cleavage_activating_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBP cleavage activating protein">SCAP</a>, <a href="SEC13" title="SEC13">SEC13</a>, <a href="SEC31A" title="SEC31A">SEC31A</a>, SEC31B, SEH1L, SHKBP1, <a href="SMU1" title="SMU1">SMU1</a>, SPAG16, SPG, <a href="STRAP" title="STRAP">STRAP</a>, <a href="STRN" title="STRN">STRN</a>, <a href="STRN3" title="STRN3">STRN3</a>, <a href="STRN4" title="STRN4">STRN4</a>, <a href="STXBP5" title="STXBP5">STXBP5</a>, STXBP5L,</li>

<li>WAIT1, WDF3, WDFY1, WDFY2, <a href="WDFY3" title="WDFY3">WDFY3</a>, WDFY4, <a href="WDHD1" title="WDHD1">WDHD1</a>, <a href="WDR1" title="WDR1">WDR1</a>, WDR10, <a href="WDR11" class="mw-redirect" title="WDR11">WDR11</a>, <a href="WDR12" title="WDR12">WDR12</a>, WDR13, WDR16, WDR17, <a href="WDR18" class="mw-redirect" title="WDR18">WDR18</a>, WDR19, WDR20, WDR21A, WDR21C, WDR22, <a href="WDR23" class="mw-redirect" title="WDR23">WDR23</a>, <a href="WDR24" title="WDR24">WDR24</a>, WDR25, <a href="WDR26" title="WDR26">WDR26</a>, WDR27, <a href="WDR3" title="WDR3">WDR3</a>, WDR31, WDR32, <a href="WDR33" title="WDR33">WDR33</a>, WDR34, WDR35, <a href="WDR36" title="WDR36">WDR36</a>, <a href="WDR37" title="WDR37">WDR37</a>, WDR38, <a href="WDR4" title="WDR4">WDR4</a>, WDR40A, WDR40B, WDR40C, WDR41, WDR42A, WDR42B, WDR43, <a href="WDR44" title="WDR44">WDR44</a>, <a href="WDR46" title="WDR46">WDR46</a>, <a href="WDR47" title="WDR47">WDR47</a>, WDR48, WDR49, <a href="WDR5" title="WDR5">WDR5</a>, WDR51A, WDR51B, WDR52, <a href="WDR53" title="WDR53">WDR53</a>, WDR54, WDR55, <a href="WDR57" title="WDR57">WDR57</a>, WDR59, WDR5B, <a href="WDR6" title="WDR6">WDR6</a>, WDR60, WDR61, <a href="WDR62" title="WDR62">WDR62</a>, WDR63, WDR64, WDR65, WDR66, WDR67, <a href="WDR68" title="WDR68">WDR68</a>, WDR69, WDR7, WDR70, <a href="WDR72" title="WDR72">WDR72</a>, WDR73, WDR74, <a href="WDR75" title="WDR75">WDR75</a>, WDR76, <a href="WDR77" class="mw-redirect" title="WDR77">WDR77</a>, WDR78, WDR79, <a href="WDR8" title="WDR8">WDR8</a>, WDR81, WDR82, WDR85, WDR86, <a href="WDR88" title="WDR88">WDR88</a>, WDR89, <a href="WDR90" title="WDR90">WDR90</a>, WDR91, WDR92, WDSOF1, WDSUB1, <a href="WDTC1" title="WDTC1">WDTC1</a>, <a href="WSB1" title="WSB1">WSB1</a>, WSB2,</li>

<caption>Human WDR genes and associated diseases

</caption>

<th>other gene names</th>

<th>NCBI Entrez<br> Gene ID</th>

<th>Human disease associated with mutations

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="CORO2A" title="CORO2A">CORO2A</a>; IR10; CLIPINB</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>TRAG; KIAA0541; Rabconnectin 3 beta</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Sensenbrenner_syndrome" title="Sensenbrenner syndrome">Sensenbrenner syndrome</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Kallmann_syndrome" title="Kallmann syndrome">Kallmann syndrome</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="GNB1L" title="GNB1L">GNB1L</a>; GY2; FKSG1; WDVCF; DGCRK3</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>CFAP52; WDRPUH</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>ATD5; CED4; DYF-2; ORF26; Oseg6; PWDMP; SRTD5; IFT144; NPHP13</td>

<td><a href="Sensenbrenner_syndrome" title="Sensenbrenner syndrome">Sensenbrenner syndrome</a>, <a href="Jeune_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeune syndrome">Jeune syndrome</a>

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<td><a href="Crohn%E2%80%99s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Crohn’s disease">Crohn’s disease</a>

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<td>

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<td><a href="Jeune_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeune syndrome">Jeune syndrome</a>

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<tr>

<td><a href="Sensenbrenner_syndrome" title="Sensenbrenner syndrome">Sensenbrenner syndrome</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>GLC1G; UTP21; TAWDRP; TA-WDRP</td>

<td>Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

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<td>

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</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Beta-propeller_protein-associated_neurodegeneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration">Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration</a> (BPAN)

</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

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<td>NEMITIN; KIAA0893</td>

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</td></tr>

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</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Jeune_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeune syndrome">Jeune syndrome</a>

</td></tr>

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<td>SNRNP40; SPF38; PRP8BP; HPRP8BP; PRPF8BP</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

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</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Jeune_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeune syndrome">Jeune syndrome</a>

</td></tr>

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</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Microcephaly" title="Microcephaly">microcephaly</a>

</td></tr>

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</td></tr>

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</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Van_der_Woude_syndrome" title="Van der Woude syndrome">Van der Woude syndrome</a>

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</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Amelogenesis_imperfecta" title="Amelogenesis imperfecta">Amelogenesis imperfecta</a>

</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

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<td>79084

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>CAMRQ2; PPP1R166</td>

<td>cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome-2

</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

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</td></tr>

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</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

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<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>MONAD</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="AMBRA1" title="AMBRA1">AMBRA1</a>; DCAF3</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Beta-propeller" title="Beta-propeller">Beta-propeller</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomosyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomosyn">Tomosyn</a>, a protein two WD40 domains</li>

<li><a href="Protein_tandem_repeats" title="Protein tandem repeats">Protein tandem repeats</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSpragueReddJohnsonWolberger2000" class="citation journal cs1">Sprague ER, Redd MJ, Johnson AD, Wolberger C (June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC203344">"Structure of the C-terminal domain of Tup1, a corepressor of transcription in yeast"</a>. <i>EMBO J</i>. <b>19</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">3016–</span>27. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Femboj%2F19.12.3016">10.1093/emboj/19.12.3016</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC203344">203344</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10856245">10856245</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid8090199-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid8090199_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNeerSchmidtNambudripadSmith1994" class="citation journal cs1">Neer EJ, Schmidt CJ, Nambudripad R, Smith TF (September 1994). "The ancient regulatory-protein family of WD-repeat proteins". <i>Nature</i>. <b>371</b> (6495): <span class="nowrap">297–</span>300. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994Natur.371..297N">1994Natur.371..297N</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F371297a0">10.1038/371297a0</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8090199">8090199</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:600856">600856</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid10322433-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid10322433_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid10322433_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmithGaitatzesSaxenaNeer1999" class="citation journal cs1">Smith TF, Gaitatzes C, Saxena K, Neer EJ (May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0968-0004%2899%2901384-5">"The WD40 repeat: a common architecture for diverse functions"</a>. <i>Trends Biochem. Sci</i>. <b>24</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">181–</span>5. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0968-0004%2899%2901384-5">10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01384-5</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10322433">10322433</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid11814058-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid11814058_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid11814058_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLiRoberts2001" class="citation journal cs1">Li D, Roberts R (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11337334">"WD-repeat proteins: structure characteristics, biological function, and their involvement in human diseases"</a>. <i>Cell. Mol. Life Sci</i>. <b>58</b> (14): <span class="nowrap">2085–</span>97. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FPL00000838">10.1007/PL00000838</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11337334">11337334</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11814058">11814058</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20646422">20646422</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid20451393-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid20451393_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStirnimannPetsalakiRussellMüller2010" class="citation journal cs1">Stirnimann CU, Petsalaki E, Russell RB, Müller CW (May 2010). "WD40 proteins propel cellular networks". <i>Trends Biochem. Sci</i>. <b>35</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">565–</span>74. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tibs.2010.04.003">10.1016/j.tibs.2010.04.003</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20451393">20451393</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid11237011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11237011_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLanderLintonBirren2001" class="citation journal cs1">Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, et al. (February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62798/1/409860a0.pdf">"Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>409</b> (6822): <span class="nowrap">860–</span>921. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35057062">10.1038/35057062</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11237011">11237011</a>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Eukaryotic_Linear_Motif_resource" title="Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource">Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource</a> motif class <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elm.eu.org/elms/elmPages/LIG_APCC_Dbox_1.html">LIG_APCC_Dbox_1</a></li>

<li><a href="Eukaryotic_Linear_Motif_resource" title="Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource">Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource</a> motif class <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elm.eu.org/elms/elmPages/LIG_APCC_KENbox_2.html">LIG_APCC_KENbox_2</a></li>

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</style><div id="Protein_tandem_repeats133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Protein_tandem_repeats" title="Protein tandem repeats">Protein tandem repeats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fibrous:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Coiled_coil" title="Coiled coil">Coiled coil</a></li>

<li><a href="Collagen_helix" title="Collagen helix">Collagen helix</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Solenoid_protein_domain" title="Solenoid protein domain">Elongated</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alpha_solenoid" title="Alpha solenoid">Alpha solenoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Ankyrin_repeat" title="Ankyrin repeat">Ankyrin repeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Armadillo_repeat" title="Armadillo repeat">Armadillo repeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcription_activator-like_effector" title="Transcription activator-like effector">Transcription activator-like effector</a></li>

<li><a href="Beta_solenoid" title="Beta solenoid">Beta solenoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Beta_helix" title="Beta helix">Beta helix</a></li>

<li><a href="Antifreeze_protein" title="Antifreeze protein">Antifreeze protein</a></li>

<li><a href="HEAT_repeat" title="HEAT repeat">HEAT repeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Leucine-rich_repeat" title="Leucine-rich repeat">Leucine-rich repeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentapeptide_repeat" title="Pentapeptide repeat">Pentapeptide repeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Tetratricopeptide_repeat" title="Tetratricopeptide repeat">Tetratricopeptide repeat</a></li>

<li><a href="Trefoil_knot_fold" title="Trefoil knot fold">Trefoil knot fold</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Toroid_repeat_proteins" title="Toroid repeat proteins">Closed</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beta_barrel" title="Beta barrel">Beta barrel</a></li>

<li><a href="Beta_trefoil_fold" title="Beta trefoil fold">Beta trefoil fold</a></li>

<li><a href="Beta-propeller" title="Beta-propeller">Beta-propeller</a></li>

<li><a href="Kelch_motif" title="Kelch motif">Kelch motif</a></li>

<li><a href="TIM_barrel" title="TIM barrel">TIM barrel</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beads-on-a-string:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sushi_domain" title="Sushi domain">Sushi domain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Repeated_sequence_(DNA)" title="Repeated sequence (DNA)">Repeated sequence (DNA)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protein_domains19" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protein_domains19" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">Protein domains</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cache_domain" title="Cache domain">Cache</a></li>

<li><a href="Death_fold" title="Death fold">Death</a>

<li><a href="Pyrin_domain" title="Pyrin domain">Pyrin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="EcoEI_R_protein_C-terminal_domain" title="EcoEI R protein C-terminal domain">EcoEI_R_C</a></li>

<li><a href="Kringle_domain" title="Kringle domain">Kringle</a></li>

<li><a href="NACHT_domain" title="NACHT domain">NACHT</a></li>

<li><a href="Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">zinc finger</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div role="note" style="font-style: italic;">This article incorporates text from the public domain <a href="Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a> and <a href="InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001680">IPR001680</a></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-08-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=WD40_repeat&oldid=1242313510">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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